Capsule:
Thick above and below.
Loose and lax, allows bones to separate by more than an inch.
3 openings:
1. below the coracoid process, between joint and a bursa beneath subscapularis tendon.
2. between joint and bursal sac under infraspinatus tendon in the posterior part; not constant.
3. between greater and lesser tubercles for long tendon of the Biceps.
Synovial membrane:
Covers lower part and sides of the anatomical neck.
The tendon of the long head of Biceps passes through the capsule, traverses the articulation, but it is not contained within the synovial cavity.
Glenoidal Labrum:
Deepens the articular cavity.
Fibrocartilaginous.
Continuous with the tendon of the long head of Biceps superiorly.
Coracohumeral Ligament:
Strengthens upper part of the capsule.
Broad band.
Arises from lateral border of coracoid process.
Passes obliquely downward laterally.
Inserts in front of greater tubercle, blending supraspinatus tendon.
Intimately united to capsule by its postero-lower border.
Antero-superior border is free edge, overlaps the capsule.
Glenohumeral ligaments:
Three supplemental bands -
1. medial side, passes from medial edge of glenoid cavity to lower part of lesser tubercle.
2. lower part, extends from under edge of glenoid cavity to under part of anatomical neck.
3. upper part, extends from apex of glenoid cavity close to root of the coracoid process, and passing downward along medial edge of long head of Biceps, to a small depression above lesser tubercle.
Transverse Humeral Ligament:
Broad band.
Passes from lesser to greater tubercle.
Converts intertubercular groove into a canal.
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